Dayton-audio ND90-4 3-1 User Manual

Introduction Large Signal Modeling At higher amplitudes, loudspeakers produce substantial distortion in the output signal, generated by nonlinear ti

Kms Symmetry xc(x) This curve shows the symmetry point in the nonlinear compliance curve where a negative and positive displacement x=xpeak will pr

You can find a detailed description of these non-linearities and their remedies in the papers “Loudspeaker Nonlinearities - Causes and Sympt

The electrodynamic coupling factor, also called Bl-product or force factor Bl(x), is defined by the integral of the magnetic flux density B o

The stiffness KMS(x) describes the mechanical properties of the suspension. It's inverse is the compliance CMS(x) More information regardin

The inductance components Le (x) and Bl(i) of most drivers have a strong asymmetric characteristic. If the voice coil moves towards

with voice coil displacement x affects the input current of the driver. Here the nonlinear source of distortion is the multiplication of displacement

tau v s thermal time constant of voice coil Ctv Ws/K thermal capacity of the voice coil delta Tw K Temperature increase

Parameters at the Rest Position The value of the nonlinear parameters at the rest position (x=0) may be used as input for the traditional linear mode

For accurate system modelling “Large + Cold” parameters are preferable to “Small Signal” parameters because they more closely reflect the parameters

Asymmetrical nonlinearities produce not only second- and higher-order distortions but also a dc-part in the displacement by rectifying low frequency c